Annual and monthly rainfall data generation schemes   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

N. E.?ünal  H.?AksoyEmail author  T.?Akar 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2004,18(4):245-257

Synthetic annual and monthly rainfall data series are generated by using autoregressive (AR) processes, Thomas-Fiering (TF) model, method of fragments (F) and its modified version (MF), two-tier (TT) model, and a newly developed wavelet (W) approach. It is seen that the W approach is as well in preserving the statistical behavior of the observed data series as the classical annual and monthly hydrological data generation schemes used in this study. The W approach is found even better in replacing some particular characteristics such as the mean of the sequence and correlation between the successive months in the series. It is, therefore, proposed as a new annual and monthly hydrological data generation scheme.  相似文献   

Studies on turbulent diffusion processes and evaluation of diffusivity values from hydrodynamic observations in Corpus Christi Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Temitope O. Ojo  James S. Bonner  Cheryl Page 《Continental Shelf Research》2006,26(20):2629-2644

The physical process of dispersion which can be attributed to turbulence (turbulent diffusion) or shear (shear-augmented diffusion) within the flow field is very important as it ultimately governs the distribution of constituents of interest within the environment. A series of diffusion experiments were conducted in Corpus Christi Bay, TX with the purpose of characterizing turbulent diffusion through dispersion coefficients or turbulent diffusivity, K_i (i=x, y, z) dependent on the degree of randomness or turbulence intensity, I.Measured with a boat-mounted acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), the Eulerian velocity time-series of fluid particles in random motion, u_i was used in the evaluation of the Eulerian time-scale of turbulence, T^E based on the velocity correlation function, R^E with T^E being related to the Lagrangian time-scale T^L through a scaling parameter, β(=T^L/T^E). Surface currents were obtained with high frequency (HF) Radar equipment deployed over the study area from which the horizontal velocity gradients were determined.Within the spatial scale of the experiment (1000 m), the observed low horizontal gradients (10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) allowed for the generation of velocity time-series from an ADCP mounted on a moving platform. A numerical scheme for evaluating turbulent diffusivity values was developed on the basis of Eulerian current measurements and calibrated through the statistics of an evolving dye patch for the scaling parameter β which in this scheme was found to be in the range 1–3.  相似文献   

Reconstructed light extinction coefficients using chemical compositions of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in winter in Urban Guangzhou,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陶俊  曹军骥  张仁健  朱李华  张涛  施思  陈尊裕 《大气科学进展》2012,29(2):359-368

The objective of this study was to reconstruct light extinction coefficients (b ext ) according to chemical composition components of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in size (PM 2.5 ). PM 2.5 samples were collected at the monitoring station of the South China of Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES, Guangzhou, China) during January 2010, and the online absorbing and scattering coefficients were obtained using an aethalometer and a nephelometer. The measured values of light absorption coefficient by particle (b ap ) and light scattering coefficient by particle (b sp ) significantly correlated (R 2 > 0.95) with values of b ap and b sp that were reconstructed using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) formula when RH was <70%. The measured b ext had a good correlation (R 2 > 0.83) with the calculated b ext under ambient RH conditions. The result of source apportionment of b ext showed that ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was the largest contributor (35.0%) to b ext , followed by ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 , 22.9%), organic matter (16.1%), elemental carbon (11.8%), sea salt (4.7%), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 , 9.6%). To improve visibility in Guangzhou, the effective control of secondary particles like sulfates, nitrates, and ammonia should be given more attention in urban environmental management.  相似文献   

中国近50年气温变化准3年周期的普遍性及气温未来的可能变化趋势   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王澄海  李健  许晓光 《高原气象》2012,31(1):126-136

利用全国98个测站的年和冬季气温资料,采用Marr小波分析方法,分析了近50年(1961—2009年)中国8个气候区的年和冬季气温变化,研究了中国气温变化的周期性,并对未来20年(2010—2029年)气温的可能变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明,我国8个气候区气温的年际变化以高频变化为主,普遍存在着准3～4年周期变化,尤其是冬季气温的准3年周期变化显著,而且这种周期变化具有相对的稳定性。而年气温的周期特征存在显著的南北差异。周期叠加外推的结果表明,未来20年,中国将继续保持增暖趋势,北方地区和青藏高原的升温要大于除西南地区外的南方地区。如果按照线性趋势升温,2010-2029年气温上升幅度不会超过1℃。  相似文献   

SPOT5影像数据不同融合方法的比较与评价     

邓良  程先富  谢金红  肖明子 《东北测绘》2012,(3):19-23

采用小波IHS变换、小波PCA变换、EHLERS变换等五种不同融合技术对SPOT5的多光谱影像和全色影像进行融合,并从均值、标准差等方面对融合结果进行了评价。研究表明：EHLERS融合后影像有很好的整体视觉效果,但在细节表达方面有所缺陷;改进后的IHS融合后影像清晰度较低;PCA变换融合容易导致影像失真;而小波IHS和小波PCA融合技术以数据保留量大、失真程度小、视觉效果好、影像层次分明等特点证明了小波分解技术的优势。  相似文献   

淮海地区降水周期及突变特征分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

孙善磊  周锁铨  金博  李金建  赖安伟 《气象科学》2010,30(2):221-227

利用淮海地区1955—2004年23个气象站点的逐日降水资料,分析了淮海地区降水的主要周期振荡以及突变点,结果表明:该地区降水均有多个时间尺度的周期变化特征,降水周期变化显著,干湿交替现象明显;降水的年代际以及年际尺度的主要周期:年降水为12a、9a、5a,春季降水为14a、6a、3a,夏季为10a、4a,秋季为21a、10a、7a,冬季为18a、5a。年降水减少趋势明显,在1967年发生了突变,由相对多雨期转入相对少雨期;春季、夏季、秋季降水都有不同程度的减少趋势,而冬季降水则表现为增加的趋势。  相似文献   

1957—2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李海东  沈渭寿  赵卫  孙明  孙俊 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(4):1-7

通过对近51 a雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区4个气象站逐日降水资料进行等权平均取值,采用气候倾向率和小波分析法,研究了不同时间尺度下近51 a降水变化趋势及周期特征。结果表明:研究区降水量以20世纪80年代为最少,2000年后年降水量与20世纪90年代和60年代基本持平。夏季和秋季降水量年代际变化与年降水量的变化基本一致。近51 a降水量增加趋势不显著。年降水量存在准3 a、8—11 a和30 a的周期,以准11 a周期最为突出。降水量变化以春季增长趋势最显著,可在干旱季补充土壤水分,减轻风沙化土地的发生发展。秋季和冬季增长趋势不明显,夏季降水量呈减小趋势。就季节降水变化的时间尺度和周期性而言,2007年后四季降水表现为,春季在20—30 a时间尺度上将处于偏高期,夏季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,秋季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,冬季在20—30 a时间尺度上将出现向降水偏高的过渡期。  相似文献   

利用伴随法反演风应力系数     

陈耀登  高玉芳  王如云 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(6):879-882

基于无结构网格有限体积法的正模型和伴随数据同化模型,建立了风应力系数反演表达式,将风应力系数的确定变成依赖于区域内观测值的数值迭代过程,实现了风应力系数确定的自动化,并成功进行了概化河口一系列风应力系数反演的伴随同化实验,反演得到的结果精度较高,实验结果表明：1）伴随法反演风应力系数是合理可行的;2）充分的观测数据能够提高反演的精度;3）风速在10 m/s或15 m/s的情况下,对于风应力系数反演的结果影响不大。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地层春季铅直湍流的小波分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

缪启龙  温雅婷  段春锋 《气象与减灾研究》2008,31(4):1-7

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地层10m高度处快速响应探测系统的湍流资料,对春季晴天和沙尘暴天气下不同稳定层结的铅直湍流脉动进行小波变化及其方差分析,以期了解铅直湍流的尺度结构特征。结果表明,不稳定层结条件下,春季晴天近地层的铅直湍流脉动以12—17S的周期为主,最小周期为1-1．5s;春季沙尘暴时最主要的周期则为6-10s,最小周期为0．4—0．6s。沙尘暴时不稳定层结的湍流尺度总体上小于晴天,较小尺度波动振荡更加明显,湍流运动比晴天更加频繁。稳定层结条件下,春季晴天以10—16S的周期振荡为主,最小周期为1．3-1．8s;春季沙尘暴则以11—20s的周期振荡为主,最小周期为0．5—0．8s。晴天稳定层结时的铅直脉动比沙尘暴时周期小,小周期的湍流运动更明显一些,但周期更小的波动在沙尘暴天气时则多一些。  相似文献   

峨眉山近55a来水资源变化的多时间尺度分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭洁  李国平 《气象科学》2008,28(5):552-557

利用峨眉山1951-2005年逐月气温和降水观测资料,利用高桥浩一郎公式计算出地表蒸发量及水资源量.分析了峨眉山近55a来降水量、蒸发量及水资源的气候特征和变化趋势,并利用墨西哥帽子小波变换分析了水资源的时间-频率的多层次时间尺度变化特征,揭示了在不同时间尺度下峨眉山水资源序列变化的周期和突变点,并根据主周期对未来水资源变化趋势进行了预测.  相似文献